An annotated bibliography: Hills Like White Elephants
Hashmi, Nilofer. “‘Hills Like White Elephants’: the jilting of Jig.” The Hemingway Review 23.1 (2003): 72+. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 11 Nov. 2012.
http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA113135907&v=2.1&u=lincclin_ircc&it=r&p=LitRG&sw=w
CRITICS GRAPPLING WITH Ernest Hemingway’s hauntingly enigmatic “Hills Like White Elephants” have failed to reach a consensus about the ending of the story. (1) Almost all agree, however, that regardless of what actually transpires, the existing relationship between the American and the girl will deteriorate, or terminate. I do not that she will leave the American man because he is the reason she agree to have the abortion in the first place. Maybe she was not ready to become a mother.
Henningfeld, Diane Andrews. “Hills Like White Elephants.” Short Stories for Students. Detroit: Gale, 2002. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 10 Nov. 2012.
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As for Henningfeld’s critics about the short story is that the topic of jig and the American man’s conversation is about abortion even though the word abortion was never mentioned by name in the story or by either characters. She also concentrates on the use of gender-marked language in the story, looking closely at the different ways the American and jig use language to communicate.
Link, Alex. “Staking Everything on It: A Stylistic Analysis of Linguistic Patterns in ‘Hills Like White Elephants.’.” The Hemingway Review 23.2 (Spring 2004): 66-74. Rpt. in Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism. Vol. 203. Detroit: Gale, 2008. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 10 Nov. 2012.
http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CH1420083008&v=2.1&u=lincclin_ircc&it=r&p=LitRG&sw=w
According to Alex Link analyses” hills like white elephants,” asserting that the story’s use of syntax, citation, repetition and substitution highlights the emotional violence between the two main characters. Here is one of her example, For example, the phrase ” like white elephants,” occurring five times, is lent particular significance by its titular status. The title describes the hills as being “like white elephants” rather than as “hills [that look] like white elephants.” This precise choice leaves the comparison based upon value rather than appearance.
Nagel, James. “Hills Like White Elephants: Overview.” Reference Guide to Short Fiction. Ed. Noelle Watson. Detroit: St. James Press, 1994. Literature Resources from Gale. Web.10Nov.2012.
http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CH1420003898&v=2.1&u=lincclin_ircc&it=r&p=LitRG&sw=w
James Nagel unveils the truth as I start to understand why Hemingway wrote this short story. Nagel states that Hemingway was no stranger to Spain having become intrigued with bull fighting and Spanish culture, and the earliest drafts of the story have a biographical basis. When Hemingway’s first wife, Hadley become pregnant in 1923, he complained that he was not ready to take responsibilities of parenthood and the imposition of his time that a child would represent. In an early sketch, Hemingway explored the central situation, writing in first person and calling the woman “Hadley”. The tone of this draft was positive however, expressing the relief the two of them felt to be travelling away from an arguments that had ruined the Pamplona fiesta of 1925.
Wyche, David. “Letting the air into a relationship: metaphorical abortion in `Hills Like White Elephants’.” The Hemingway Review 22.1 (2002): 56+. Literature Resources fromGale.Web.10Nov.2012.
http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA94775662&v=2.1&u=lincclin_ircc&it=r&p=LitRG&sw=w
David Wyche tries to reveal the two recurrent themes in his analysis of Ernest Hemingway’s “ hills like white elephants” are the debate over whether or not jig will carry her pregnancy to term and that may have inspired and influence the story. This is how other critics who foresee abortion, and those who do not, tend to agree that Jig and the American will not long remain a couple. Johnston regards the American’s attitude as “ominous,” an indication of “some future dissolution of their relationship” (237).
Ernest Hemingway 